Canals: Suez, Panama and the shortcuts, sentence 14

A French attempt to dig a canal in Panama at sea level, without locks, in the 1880s failed after about 22,000 workers died, mostly from malaria and yellow fever, and the Americans later succeeded by fighting the mosquitoes that spread those illnesses and by using locks.

Who acts: French attempt, 22,000 workers, Americans, mosquitoes · What happens: dig, fail, die, succeed, fight, spread · To what, where: canal, Panama, 1880s, malaria, mosquitoes, illnesses

This is a sentence of the lesson «Canals: Suez, Panama and the shortcuts» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French attempt, 22,000 workers, Americans, mosquitoes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 attempt	det
2	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 attempt	amod
3	attempt	attempt	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 failed	nsubj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 dig	mark
5	dig	dig	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 attempt	acl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 canal	det
7	canal	canal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dig	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 Panama	case
9	Panama	Panama	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 dig	obl
10	at	at	ADP	_	12 level	case
11	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 level	compound
12	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dig	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 locks	punct
14	without	without	ADP	_	15 locks	case
15	locks	lock	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 dig	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 attempt	punct
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 1880s	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 1880s	det
19	1880s	1880	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 failed	obl
20	failed	fail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
21	after	after	SCONJ	_	25 died	mark
22	about	about	ADV	_	23 22,000	advmod
23	22,000	22,000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	24 workers	nummod
24	workers	worker	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 died	nsubj
25	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 failed	advcl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 malaria	punct
27	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	29 malaria	advmod
28	from	from	ADP	_	29 malaria	case
29	malaria	malaria	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 died	obl
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 fever	cc
31	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 fever	amod
32	fever	fever	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 malaria	conj
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 succeeded	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 succeeded	cc
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 Americans	det
36	Americans	American	PROPN	Number=Plur	38 succeeded	nsubj
37	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	38 succeeded	advmod
38	succeeded	succeed	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 failed	conj
39	by	by	SCONJ	_	40 fighting	mark
40	fighting	fight	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	38 succeeded	advcl
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	42 mosquitoes	det
42	mosquitoes	mosquito	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 fighting	obj
43	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	44 spread	nsubj
44	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	42 mosquitoes	acl:relcl
45	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	46 illnesses	det
46	illnesses	illness	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 spread	obj
47	and	and	CCONJ	_	49 using	cc
48	by	by	SCONJ	_	49 using	mark
49	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	40 fighting	conj
50	locks	lock	NOUN	Number=Plur	49 using	obj
51	.	.	PUNCT	_	20 failed	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	dig	to-infinitive	a French attempt not said here	a canal	Panama	at sea level; without locks	vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.instrument PP.theme»: agent=Agent canal=Instrument at level=Theme
2	fail	past	a French attempt		the 1880s		vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V PP.eventuality S_ING»: agent=Agent in 1880=Eventuality
3	die	past	22,000 workers		malaria and yellow fever		vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient from malaria=Causer
4	succeed	past	the Americans			late property	vn succeed-74-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	fight	gerund	the Americans not said here	the mosquitoes			vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mosquito=Co-Agent
6	spread	past	the mosquitoes	that illnesses			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location illness=Theme
7	use	gerund	the Americans not said here	locks			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lock=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:020-canals-suez-panama-and-the-shortcuts.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/20-canals-suez-panama-and-the-shortcuts/14/