Climate zones and why they are where they are, sentence 11
Tropical rainforests grow mostly close to the equator, in the Amazon, the Congo basin and South-East Asia, where strong sun heats moist air, which rises, cools and drops heavy rain nearly every day.
Who acts: Tropical rainforests, strong sun, moist air · What happens: grow, heat, rise, cool, drop · To what, where: Amazon, moist air, heavy rain
This is a sentence of the lesson «Climate zones and why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tropical rainforests, strong sun, moist air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tropical | tropical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 rainforests | amod |
| 2 | rainforests | rainforest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 grow | nsubj |
| 3 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 5 close | advmod |
| 5 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 grow | amod |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 equator | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 equator | det |
| 8 | equator | equator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 close | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Amazon | punct |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 Amazon | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Amazon | det |
| 12 | Amazon | amazon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grow | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 basin | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 basin | det |
| 15 | Congo | Congo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 basin | compound |
| 16 | basin | basin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Amazon | conj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 South | cc |
| 18 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 basin | conj |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 East | punct |
| 20 | East | East | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 basin | appos |
| 21 | Asia | Asia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 East | flat |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 heats | punct |
| 23 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 26 heats | advmod |
| 24 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 sun | amod |
| 25 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 heats | nsubj |
| 26 | heats | heat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 Amazon | acl:relcl |
| 27 | moist | moist | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 air | amod |
| 28 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 heats | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 rises | punct |
| 30 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 rises | nsubj |
| 31 | rises | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 air | acl:relcl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 cools | punct |
| 33 | cools | cool | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 rises | conj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 drops | cc |
| 35 | drops | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 rises | conj |
| 36 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 rain | amod |
| 37 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 drops | obj |
| 38 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 40 day | advmod |
| 39 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 40 day | det |
| 40 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 drops | obl:unmarked |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 grow | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | present | Tropical rainforests | the Amazon and the Congo basin and South | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in amazon=Location | ||||
| 2 | heat | present | strong sun | moist air | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent air=Patient | ||||
| 3 | rise | present | moist air | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | cool | present | moist air not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | drop | present | moist air not said here | heavy rain | day | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:021-climate-zones-and-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/21-climate-zones-and-why-they-are-where-they-are/11/