Winds, monsoons and ocean currents, sentence 19

Between about 40 and 50 degrees south, strong westerly winds blow almost without land to slow them down, and sailors called them the Roaring Forties; Dutch ships used them to race east from the Cape of Good Hope towards the East Indies.

Who acts: strong westerly winds, sailors, Dutch ships · What happens: blow, slow down, call, use, race · To what, where: degrees, Cape · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Winds, monsoons and ocean currents» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (strong westerly winds, sailors, Dutch ships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Between	between	ADP	_	6 degrees	case
2	about	about	ADV	_	3 40	advmod
3	40	40	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 degrees	nummod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 50	cc
5	50	50	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 40	conj
6	degrees	degree	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 blow	obl
7	south	south	ADV	_	6 degrees	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 degrees	punct
9	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 winds	amod
10	westerly	westerly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 winds	amod
11	winds	wind	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 blow	nsubj
12	blow	blow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	almost	almost	ADV	_	12 blow	advmod
14	without	without	ADP	_	15 land	case
15	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 blow	obl
16	to	to	PART	_	17 slow	mark
17	slow	slow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 blow	advcl
18	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 slow	obj
19	down	down	ADP	_	17 slow	compound:prt
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 called	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 called	cc
22	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 called	nsubj
23	called	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 blow	conj
24	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 called	obj
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 Forties	det
26	Roaring	roaring	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 Forties	compound
27	Forties	forty	PROPN	Number=Plur	23 called	xcomp
28	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 used	punct
29	Dutch	dutch	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 ships	amod
30	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 used	nsubj
31	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 blow	parataxis
32	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 used	obj
33	to	to	PART	_	34 race	mark
34	race	race	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	31 used	xcomp
35	east	east	ADV	_	34 race	advmod
36	from	from	ADP	_	38 Cape	case
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 Cape	det
38	Cape	Cape	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 race	obl
39	of	of	ADP	_	41 Hope	case
40	Good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 Hope	amod
41	Hope	Hope	PROPN	Number=Sing	38 Cape	nmod
42	towards	towards	ADP	_	45 Indies	case
43	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	45 Indies	det
44	East	East	PROPN	Number=Sing	45 Indies	compound
45	Indies	indy	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 race	obl
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 blow	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	blow	present	strong westerly winds			between 40 degrees; without land; almost property	vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient
2	slow down	to-infinitive	strong westerly winds not said here	degrees = degree			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient
3	call	past	sailors	degrees = degree			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient
4	use	past	Dutch ships	degrees = degree			vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Theme clause=Eventuality
5	race	to-infinitive	Dutch ships not said here		the Cape of Good Hope	towards the East Indies; east property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards indy=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:022-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents.lesson:19.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/19/