Weather, storms and the changing climate, sentence 3
A thunderstorm grows where warm, wet air shoots upwards into a tall cloud; a hurricane is a whole spinning engine of storms fed by warm tropical sea, with a calm eye in the middle and the fiercest wind just around it.
Who acts: thunderstorm, warm wet air, hurricane · What happens: grow, shoot, spin, be, feed · To what, where: tall cloud, whole spinning engine, storms
This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thunderstorm, warm wet air, hurricane), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 thunderstorm | det |
| 2 | thunderstorm | thunderstorm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grows | nsubj |
| 3 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 9 shoots | advmod |
| 5 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 air | amod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 upwards | punct |
| 7 | wet | wet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 air | amod |
| 8 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 shoots | nsubj |
| 9 | shoots | shoot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 grows | advcl |
| 10 | upwards | upward | ADV | _ | 9 shoots | advmod |
| 11 | into | into | ADP | _ | 14 cloud | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 cloud | det |
| 13 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 cloud | amod |
| 14 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 shoots | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 44 it | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 hurricane | det |
| 17 | hurricane | hurricane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 engine | nsubj |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 engine | cop |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 engine | det |
| 20 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 engine | amod |
| 21 | spinning | spin | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 engine | amod |
| 22 | engine | engine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grows | parataxis |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 storms | case |
| 24 | storms | storm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 engine | nmod |
| 25 | fed | feed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 storms | acl |
| 26 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 sea | case |
| 27 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 sea | amod |
| 28 | tropical | tropical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 sea | amod |
| 29 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 fed | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 eye | punct |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 34 eye | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 eye | det |
| 33 | calm | calm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 eye | amod |
| 34 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 storms | nmod |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 middle | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 middle | det |
| 37 | middle | middle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 eye | nmod |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 wind | cc |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 wind | det |
| 40 | fiercest | fierce | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 41 wind | amod |
| 41 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 eye | conj |
| 42 | just | just | ADV | _ | 43 around | advmod |
| 43 | around | around | ADP | _ | 44 it | case |
| 44 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 wind | nmod |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 grows | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | present | a thunderstorm | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | shoot | present | warm wet air | a tall cloud | upward property | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent into cloud=Destination | |||
| 3 | spin | gerund | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | is a | present | a hurricane | a whole spinning engine | of storms with a calm eye in the middle and the fiercest wind around air | tree rules | |||
| 5 | feed | participle | storms with a calm eye in the middle and the fiercest wind around air not said here | by warm tropical sea | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/3/