Population and cities, sentence 4
Cities grew at useful spots: where a river could be bridged, where a harbour was sheltered, where trade routes met.
Who acts: Cities, trade routes · What happens: grow, bridge, shelter, meet · To what, where: useful spots, river, harbour
This is a sentence of the lesson «Population and cities» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cities, trade routes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 grew | nsubj |
| 2 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 spots | case |
| 4 | useful | useful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 spots | amod |
| 5 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 grew | obl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 2 grew | punct |
| 7 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 12 bridged | advmod |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 river | det |
| 9 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 bridged | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 bridged | aux |
| 11 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 12 bridged | aux:pass |
| 12 | bridged | bridge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 spots | acl:relcl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 sheltered | punct |
| 14 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 18 sheltered | advmod |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 harbour | det |
| 16 | harbour | harbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sheltered | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 sheltered | aux:pass |
| 18 | sheltered | shelter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 bridged | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 met | punct |
| 20 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 23 met | advmod |
| 21 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 routes | compound |
| 22 | routes | route | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 met | nsubj |
| 23 | met | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 bridged | conj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 grew | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past | Cities | useful spots | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at spot=Location | ||||
| 2 | bridge | could · passive | a river | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme | |||||
| 3 | shelter | past · passive | a harbour | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 4 | meet | past | trade routes | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:024-population-and-cities.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/24-population-and-cities/4/