Population and cities, sentence 7

Since about 2007 more than half of all people have lived in towns and cities, and some cities now hold over 10 million.

Who acts: half, cities · What happens: live, hold · To what, where: towns, 10 million

This is a sentence of the lesson «Population and cities» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (half, cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Since	since	ADP	_	3 2007	case
2	about	about	ADV	_	3 2007	advmod
3	2007	2007	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 lived	obl
4	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	6 half	advmod
5	than	than	ADP	_	4 more	fixed
6	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	11 lived	nsubj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 people	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 people	det
9	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 half	nmod
10	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 lived	aux
11	lived	live	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 towns	case
13	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 lived	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 cities	cc
15	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 towns	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 hold	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 hold	cc
18	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	19 cities	det
19	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 hold	nsubj
20	now	now	ADV	_	21 hold	advmod
21	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 lived	conj
22	over	over	ADV	_	24 million	advmod
23	10	10	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	24 million	compound
24	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	21 hold	obj
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 lived	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present · perfect	half of all people			towns and cities	since 2007		vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in town=Location
2	hold	present	some cities	10 million			now		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:024-population-and-cities.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/24-population-and-cities/7/