Languages and peoples on the map, sentence 0
Say "mother" in English, "mater" in Latin, "mat" in Russian and "madar" in Persian: they sound alike because these languages grew from one ancient ancestor, like cousins who share a grandmother.
Who acts: you, mother, languages, cousins · What happens: say, sound, grow, share · To what, where: mother, English, grandmother · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Languages and peoples on the map» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, mother, languages, cousins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Say | say | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 mother | punct |
| 3 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Say | obj |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 mother | punct |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 English | case |
| 6 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Say | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 mater | punct |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 mater | punct |
| 9 | mater | mater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 mother | conj |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 mater | punct |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 Latin | case |
| 12 | Latin | Latin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 mater | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 mat | punct |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 mat | punct |
| 15 | mat | mat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 mater | appos |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 mat | punct |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 Russian | case |
| 18 | Russian | Russian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 mat | nmod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 madar | cc |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 madar | punct |
| 21 | madar | madar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 mater | conj |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 madar | punct |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 Persian | case |
| 24 | Persian | Persian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 mater | nmod |
| 25 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 27 sound | punct |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 sound | nsubj |
| 27 | sound | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Say | parataxis |
| 28 | alike | alike | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 sound | xcomp |
| 29 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 32 grew | mark |
| 30 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 31 languages | det |
| 31 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 grew | nsubj |
| 32 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 sound | advcl |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 36 ancestor | case |
| 34 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 36 ancestor | nummod |
| 35 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 ancestor | amod |
| 36 | ancestor | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 grew | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 cousins | punct |
| 38 | like | like | ADP | _ | 39 cousins | case |
| 39 | cousins | cousin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 ancestor | nmod |
| 40 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 share | nsubj |
| 41 | share | share | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 cousins | acl:relcl |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 grandmother | det |
| 43 | grandmother | grandmother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 share | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Say | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | imperative | you not said here | mother and mater in Latin in Persian and madar | English | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent mother=Theme in english=Manner | |||
| 2 | sound | present | mother | alike property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | grow | past | this languages | from one ancient ancestor like cousins | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from ancestor=Patient | ||||
| 4 | share | present | cousins | a grandmother | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:025-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/0/