Languages and peoples on the map, sentence 20
A lingua franca is a shared language used between people who speak different first languages, such as Swahili in East Africa.
Who acts: lingua, people · What happens: share, be, use, speak · To what, where: shared language, different first languages · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Languages and peoples on the map» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lingua, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 lingua | det |
| 2 | lingua | lingua | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 language | nsubj |
| 3 | franca | franca | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 lingua | appos |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 language | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 language | det |
| 6 | shared | share | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 language | amod |
| 7 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 language | acl |
| 9 | between | between | ADP | _ | 10 people | case |
| 10 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 used | obl |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 speak | nsubj |
| 12 | speak | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 people | acl:relcl |
| 13 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 languages | amod |
| 14 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 15 languages | amod |
| 15 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 speak | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Swahili | punct |
| 17 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 19 Swahili | case |
| 18 | as | as | ADP | _ | 17 such | fixed |
| 19 | Swahili | Swahili | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 languages | nmod |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 East | case |
| 21 | East | East | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Swahili | nmod |
| 22 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 East | flat |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 language | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | share | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | is a | present | a lingua | a shared language | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | use | participle | a shared language not said here | between people | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | speak speech: other | present | people | different first languages | such Swahili in East | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:025-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map.lesson:20.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/20/