Food and farming around the world, sentence 20

Farming uses about 70 percent of all the fresh water people take from rivers, lakes and underground; bringing water to fields is called irrigation, and in deserts, with too little rain, crops cannot grow without it.

Who acts: Farming, water people, bringing, crops · What happens: use, take, bring, call, not grow · To what, where: 70 percent, rivers, water, fields, irrigation, deserts · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Food and farming around the world» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Farming, water people, bringing, crops), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Farming	farming	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	nsubj
2	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	about	about	ADV	_	4 70	advmod
4	70	70	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 percent	nummod
5	percent	percent	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 all	case
7	all	all	PRON	PronType=Tot	5 percent	nmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 people	det
9	fresh	fresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 water	amod
10	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 people	compound
11	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 take	nsubj
12	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 all	acl
13	from	from	ADP	_	14 rivers	case
14	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 take	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 lakes	punct
16	lakes	lake	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 rivers	conj
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 underground	cc
18	underground	underground	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 rivers	conj
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 bringing	punct
20	bringing	bring	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	25 called	csubj:pass
21	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 bringing	obj
22	to	to	ADP	_	23 fields	case
23	fields	field	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 bringing	obl
24	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 called	aux:pass
25	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 uses	conj
26	irrigation	irrigation	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 called	xcomp
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 crops	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	40 grow	cc
29	in	in	ADP	_	30 deserts	case
30	deserts	desert	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 grow	obl
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 rain	punct
32	with	with	ADP	_	35 rain	case
33	too	too	ADV	_	34 little	advmod
34	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 rain	amod
35	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 deserts	nmod
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 deserts	punct
37	crops	crop	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 grow	nsubj
38	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	40 grow	aux
39	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	40 grow	advmod
40	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 uses	conj
41	without	without	ADP	_	42 it	case
42	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	40 grow	obl
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 uses	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	use	present	Farming	70 percent of all			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent percent=Patient
2	take	present	the water people		rivers and lakes		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent from river=Initial_Location
3	bring	gerund		water	fields		vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme to field=Destination
4	call speech: assert	present · passive	bringing	irrigation			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»
5	not grow	can	crops		deserts with little rain	without percent	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in desert=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:026-food-and-farming-around-the-world.lesson:20.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/26-food-and-farming-around-the-world/20/