The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, sentence 16

The English East India Company was founded in 1600 and the Dutch East India Company in 1602 to trade with Asia; merchants shared the cost of costly, risky voyages in them, and both became armed powers, the English one later ruling much of India.

Who acts: merchants, both, English one · What happens: found, trade, share, become, rule, cost · To what, where: English East India Company, 1600, cost, armed powers, much, costly risky voyages

This is a sentence of the lesson «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchants, both, English one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Company	det
2	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Company	compound
3	East	East	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Company	compound
4	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Company	compound
5	Company	Company	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 founded	nsubj:pass
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 founded	aux:pass
7	founded	found	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 1600	case
9	1600	1600	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 founded	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 Company	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Company	det
12	Dutch	dutch	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 Company	amod
13	East	East	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 India	compound
14	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Company	compound
15	Company	Company	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 1600	conj
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 1602	case
17	1602	1602	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 Company	nmod
18	to	to	PART	_	19 trade	mark
19	trade	trade	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 founded	advcl
20	with	with	ADP	_	21 Asia	case
21	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 trade	obl
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	24 shared	punct
23	merchants	merchant	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 shared	nsubj
24	shared	share	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 founded	parataxis
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 cost	det
26	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 shared	obj
27	of	of	ADP	_	31 voyages	case
28	costly	costly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 voyages	amod
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 costly	punct
30	risky	risky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 voyages	amod
31	voyages	voyage	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 cost	nmod
32	in	in	ADP	_	33 them	case
33	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 voyages	nmod
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 became	punct
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 became	cc
36	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	37 became	nsubj
37	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 shared	conj
38	armed	armed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 powers	amod
39	powers	power	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 became	xcomp
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 ruling	punct
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 one	det
42	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 one	amod
43	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 ruling	nsubj
44	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	45 ruling	advmod
45	ruling	rule	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	37 became	advcl
46	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	45 ruling	obj
47	of	of	ADP	_	48 India	case
48	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	46 much	nmod
49	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 founded	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	found	past · passive		the English East India Company	1600 and the Dutch India Company in 1602		vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	trade	to-infinitive				with Asia	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with asia=Co-Agent
3	share	past	merchants	the cost of costly risky voyages in voyages			tree rules
4	become	past	both	armed powers			vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
5	rule	gerund	the English one	much of India		late property	vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Theme
6	cost			costly risky voyages in voyages			nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/16/