The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, sentence 18
By the 1700s spices became much cheaper in Europe as more were shipped by sea and plants were grown in new places.
Who acts: spices, sea · What happens: become, ship, grow · To what, where: more, plants, new places
This is a sentence of the lesson «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spices, sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 3 1700s | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 1700s | det |
| 3 | 1700s | 1700 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 5 became | obl |
| 4 | spices | spice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 became | nsubj |
| 5 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | much | much | ADV | _ | 7 cheaper | advmod |
| 7 | cheaper | cheap | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 became | xcomp |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 Europe | case |
| 9 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 cheaper | obl |
| 10 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 13 shipped | mark |
| 11 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 13 shipped | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 shipped | aux:pass |
| 13 | shipped | ship | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 became | advcl |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 sea | case |
| 15 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 shipped | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 grown | cc |
| 17 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 grown | nsubj |
| 18 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 grown | aux:pass |
| 19 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 shipped | conj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 places | case |
| 21 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 places | amod |
| 22 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 grown | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 became | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | past | spices | by the 1700s; cheap property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | ship | past · passive | sea | more | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | grow | past · passive | plants | new places | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/18/