The Atlantic routes and the slave trade, sentence 15
The slave trade caused wars, raids and the loss of millions of young people from West and Central Africa, and in 1526 King Afonso I of Kongo wrote to the king of Portugal complaining about it.
Who acts: slave trade, Afonso · What happens: cause, write, complain · To what, where: wars, king, 1526
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (slave trade, Afonso), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 trade | det |
| 2 | slave | slave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 trade | compound |
| 3 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 caused | nsubj |
| 4 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 caused | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 raids | punct |
| 7 | raids | raid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 wars | conj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 loss | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 loss | det |
| 10 | loss | loss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 wars | conj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 millions | case |
| 12 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 loss | nmod |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 people | case |
| 14 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 people | amod |
| 15 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 millions | nmod |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 West | case |
| 17 | West | West | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 people | nmod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 Africa | cc |
| 19 | Central | Central | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 Africa | amod |
| 20 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 West | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 wrote | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 wrote | cc |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 1526 | case |
| 24 | 1526 | 1526 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 30 wrote | obl |
| 25 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Afonso | nmod:desc |
| 26 | Afonso | Afonso | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 wrote | nsubj |
| 27 | I | I | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Afonso | flat |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 Kongo | case |
| 29 | Kongo | Kongo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Afonso | nmod |
| 30 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 caused | conj |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 king | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 king | det |
| 33 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 wrote | obl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 Portugal | case |
| 35 | Portugal | Portugal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 king | nmod |
| 36 | complaining | complain | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 wrote | advcl |
| 37 | about | about | ADP | _ | 38 it | case |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 complaining | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 caused | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | past | the slave trade | wars and raids and the loss of millions of young people from West and Central Africa | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition war=Patient | ||||
| 2 | write | past | Afonso King of Kongo | the king of Portugal | 1526 | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.recipient PP.topic»: agent=Agent to king=Recipient | |||
| 3 | complain speech: other | gerund | Afonso King of Kongo not said here | about trade | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about it=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:030-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/15/