The Atlantic routes and the slave trade, sentence 17

Escaped enslaved people formed free communities called maroon settlements in Jamaica, Suriname, Brazil and elsewhere, and Palmares in Brazil lasted for most of the 1600s; they were often hidden in mountains and forests, where soldiers found them hard to reach.

Who acts: enslaved people, free communities, Palmares, soldiers, people · What happens: escape, enslave, form, call, last, hide · To what, where: enslaved people, free communities, maroon settlements, Jamaica, people, mountains · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (enslaved people, free communities, Palmares, soldiers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Escaped	escape	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	enslaved	enslave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 people	amod
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Escaped	obj
4	formed	form	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 people	acl
5	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 communities	amod
6	communities	community	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 formed	obj
7	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 communities	acl
8	maroon	maroon	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 settlements	compound
9	settlements	settlement	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 called	obj
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 Jamaica	case
11	Jamaica	Jamaica	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 settlements	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 Suriname	punct
13	Suriname	Suriname	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Jamaica	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 Brazil	punct
15	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Jamaica	conj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 elsewhere	cc
17	elsewhere	elsewhere	ADV	_	11 Jamaica	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 lasted	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 Palmares	cc
20	Palmares	Palmares	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 lasted	nsubj
21	in	in	ADP	_	22 Brazil	case
22	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Palmares	nmod
23	lasted	last	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Escaped	conj
24	for	for	ADP	_	25 most	case
25	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	23 lasted	obl
26	of	of	ADP	_	28 1600s	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 1600s	det
28	1600s	1600	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	25 most	nmod
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 hidden	punct
30	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 hidden	nsubj:pass
31	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 hidden	aux:pass
32	often	often	ADV	_	33 hidden	advmod
33	hidden	hide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Escaped	conj
34	in	in	ADP	_	35 mountains	case
35	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 hidden	obl
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 forests	cc
37	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 mountains	conj
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 found	punct
39	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	41 found	advmod
40	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	41 found	nsubj
41	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	35 mountains	acl:relcl
42	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	41 found	obj
43	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 found	xcomp
44	to	to	PART	_	45 reach	mark
45	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	43 hard	xcomp
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Escaped	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	escape	past		enslaved people			vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme people=Initial_Location
2	enslave	participle					vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	form	participle	enslaved people not said here	free communities			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location community=Theme
4	call	participle	free communities not said here	maroon settlements	Jamaica and Suriname and Brazil		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent settlement=Recipient
5	last	past	Palmares in Brazil			for most of the 1600s	vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
6	hide	past · passive		people	mountains and forests	often property	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient in mountain=Location
7	find	past	soldiers	people		hard property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic
8	reach	to-infinitive	people not said here				vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:030-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/17/