Borders: why they are where they are, sentence 13
About 15 million people fled across the new India–Pakistan border, and hundreds of thousands, perhaps more than a million, were killed in the violence; the exact number is not known.
Who acts: million people · What happens: flee, kill, not know · To what, where: new Pakistan border, India, hundreds, violence, exact number
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (million people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | About | about | ADV | _ | 3 million | advmod |
| 2 | 15 | 15 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 million | compound |
| 3 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 people | nummod |
| 4 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | fled | flee | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 people | acl |
| 6 | across | across | ADP | _ | 9 India | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 border | det |
| 8 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 border | amod |
| 9 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 fled | obl |
| 10 | – | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 border | punct |
| 11 | Pakistan | Pakistan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 border | compound |
| 12 | border | border | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fled | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 killed | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 killed | cc |
| 15 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 thousands | case |
| 17 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 hundreds | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 more | punct |
| 19 | perhaps | perhaps | ADV | _ | 20 more | advmod |
| 20 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 17 thousands | amod |
| 21 | than | than | ADP | _ | 23 million | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 million | det |
| 23 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 more | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 million | punct |
| 25 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 killed | aux:pass |
| 26 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 fled | conj |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 violence | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 violence | det |
| 29 | violence | violence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 killed | obl |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 known | punct |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 number | det |
| 32 | exact | exact | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 number | amod |
| 33 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 known | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 known | aux:pass |
| 35 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 36 known | advmod |
| 36 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 people | parataxis |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 people | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flee | participle | million people not said here | the new Pakistan border | India | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme across india=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | kill | past · passive | hundreds of thousands | the violence | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | not know | present · passive | the exact number | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/13/