Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean, sentence 0
Venice is a city built on more than a hundred small islands in a shallow lagoon, where enemy ships ran aground and armies could not march in; its people lived by trade, not by farming.
Who acts: Venice, enemy ships, armies · What happens: be, build, run, not march in, live · To what, where: city, hundred small islands, people
This is a sentence of the lesson «Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Venice, enemy ships, armies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Venice | Venice | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 city | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 city | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 city | det |
| 4 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 city | acl |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 islands | case |
| 7 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 10 hundred | advmod |
| 8 | than | than | ADP | _ | 7 more | fixed |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 hundred | det |
| 10 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 islands | nummod |
| 11 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 islands | amod |
| 12 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 built | obl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 lagoon | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 lagoon | det |
| 15 | shallow | shallow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 lagoon | amod |
| 16 | lagoon | lagoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 islands | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 ran | punct |
| 18 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 21 ran | advmod |
| 19 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 ships | compound |
| 20 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 ran | nsubj |
| 21 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 lagoon | acl:relcl |
| 22 | aground | aground | ADV | _ | 21 ran | advmod |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 march | cc |
| 24 | armies | army | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 march | nsubj |
| 25 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 march | aux |
| 26 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 27 march | advmod |
| 27 | march | march | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 ran | conj |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 march | compound:prt |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 people | punct |
| 30 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 people | nmod:poss |
| 31 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 city | conj |
| 32 | lived | live | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 people | acl |
| 33 | by | by | ADP | _ | 34 trade | case |
| 34 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 lived | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 farming | punct |
| 36 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 farming | advmod |
| 37 | by | by | ADP | _ | 38 farming | case |
| 38 | farming | farming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 trade | conj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 city | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Venice | a city and lagoon's people | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | build | participle | a city and lagoon's people not said here | hundred small islands in a shallow lagoon | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on island=Source | ||||
| 3 | run | past | enemy ships | aground property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not march in | could | armies | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | live | participle | lagoon's people not said here | by trade and farming | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by trade=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:032-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/32-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean/0/