Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires, sentence 8
The Portuguese and Spanish used caravels, small fast ships with triangular lateen sails that could sail closer to the wind.
Who acts: Portuguese, triangular lateen sails · What happens: use, sail · To what, where: caravels
This is a sentence of the lesson «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Portuguese, triangular lateen sails), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Portuguese | det |
| 2 | Portuguese | portuguese | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 used | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 Spanish | cc |
| 4 | Spanish | Spanish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Portuguese | conj |
| 5 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | caravels | caravel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 used | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 ships | punct |
| 8 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 ships | amod |
| 9 | fast | fast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 ships | amod |
| 10 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 caravels | appos |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 sails | case |
| 12 | triangular | triangular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 sails | amod |
| 13 | lateen | lateen | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 sails | amod |
| 14 | sails | sail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 ships | nmod |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 sail | nsubj |
| 16 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 sail | aux |
| 17 | sail | sail | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 sails | acl:relcl |
| 18 | closer | close | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 17 sail | advmod |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 wind | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 wind | det |
| 21 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 closer | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 used | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | past | the Portuguese | caravels | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caravel=Patient | ||||
| 2 | sail | could | triangular lateen sails | close property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:033-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/8/