The people who were already there: what colonisation did, sentence 9

North America held many Indigenous nations, such as the Haudenosaunee, Cherokee, Lakota and Powhatan, who made treaties, traded and fought with Europeans.

Who acts: North America, many Indigenous nations · What happens: hold, make, trade, fight · To what, where: many Indigenous nations, treaties

This is a sentence of the lesson «The people who were already there: what colonisation did» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (North America, many Indigenous nations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 America	compound
2	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 held	nsubj
3	held	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 nations	amod
5	Indigenous	Indigenous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 nations	amod
6	nations	nation	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 held	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 Haudenosaunee	punct
8	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	11 Haudenosaunee	case
9	as	as	ADP	_	8 such	fixed
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Haudenosaunee	det
11	Haudenosaunee	Haudenosaunee	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 nations	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 Cherokee	punct
13	Cherokee	Cherokee	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Haudenosaunee	flat
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 Lakota	punct
15	Lakota	Lakota	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Haudenosaunee	flat
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 Powhatan	cc
17	Powhatan	Powhatan	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Haudenosaunee	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 made	punct
19	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	20 made	nsubj
20	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 nations	acl:relcl
21	treaties	treaty	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 made	obj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 traded	punct
23	traded	trade	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 made	conj
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 fought	cc
25	fought	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 made	conj
26	with	with	ADP	_	27 Europeans	case
27	Europeans	European	PROPN	Number=Plur	25 fought	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 held	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	hold	past	North America	many Indigenous nations	such the Haudenosaunee and Powhatan	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nation=Theme
2	make	past	many Indigenous nations	treaties		vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treaty=Product
3	trade	past	many Indigenous nations not said here			vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	fight	past	many Indigenous nations not said here		with Europeans	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with european=Co-Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:036-the-people-who-were-already-there.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/9/