Time zones and the date line, sentence 8
The 48 neighbouring US states use four main time zones, Eastern (with New York), Central, Mountain and Pacific (with Los Angeles), each one hour behind the last, so Los Angeles is 3 hours behind New York, and Alaska and Hawaii have their own.
Who acts: 48 neighbouring US states, Los, Alaska · What happens: neighbour, use, be, have · To what, where: four main time zones, 3 hours, New York, own
This is a sentence of the lesson «Time zones and the date line» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (48 neighbouring US states, Los, Alaska), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 states | det |
| 2 | 48 | 48 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 states | nummod |
| 3 | neighbouring | neighbour | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 states | amod |
| 4 | US | US | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 states | compound |
| 5 | states | state | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 use | nsubj |
| 6 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 zones | nummod |
| 8 | main | main | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 zones | amod |
| 9 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 zones | compound |
| 10 | zones | zone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 use | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Eastern | punct |
| 12 | Eastern | Eastern | PROPN | _ | 10 zones | appos |
| 13 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 16 York | punct |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 York | case |
| 15 | New | New | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 York | amod |
| 16 | York | York | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Eastern | nmod |
| 17 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 York | punct |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Central | punct |
| 19 | Central | Central | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 Eastern | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Mountain | punct |
| 21 | Mountain | Mountain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Eastern | conj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 Pacific | cc |
| 23 | Pacific | Pacific | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Eastern | conj |
| 24 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 27 Angeles | punct |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 27 Angeles | case |
| 26 | Los | Los | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Angeles | compound |
| 27 | Angeles | Angeles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Eastern | appos |
| 28 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 27 Angeles | punct |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 hour | punct |
| 30 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 32 hour | det |
| 31 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 hour | nummod |
| 32 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Eastern | appos |
| 33 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 35 last | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 last | det |
| 35 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 hour | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 hours | punct |
| 37 | so | so | ADV | _ | 42 hours | advmod |
| 38 | Los | Los | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 hours | nsubj |
| 39 | Angeles | Angeles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Los | flat |
| 40 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 hours | cop |
| 41 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 42 hours | nummod |
| 42 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 have | advcl |
| 43 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 45 York | case |
| 44 | New | New | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 York | amod |
| 45 | York | York | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 hours | nmod |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 have | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 Alaska | cc |
| 48 | Alaska | Alaska | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 have | nsubj |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 Hawaii | cc |
| 50 | Hawaii | Hawaii | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 Alaska | conj |
| 51 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 use | conj |
| 52 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 53 own | nmod:poss |
| 53 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 have | obj |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 use | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | neighbour | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | use | present | the 48 neighbouring US states | four main time zones | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent zone=Patient | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | Los | 3 hours | New York | tree rules | |||
| 4 | have | present | Alaska and Hawaii | Alaska's own | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent own=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:004-time-zones-and-the-date-line.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/4-time-zones-and-the-date-line/8/