Plate tectonics, sentence 10
When two continents collide, neither sinks, because continental crust is too light, so the crust crumples upwards into huge mountains, such as the Himalayas, where India is still pushing into Asia.
Who acts: two continents, neither, continental crust, crust, India · What happens: collide, sink, be, crumple, push · To what, where: huge mountains, Asia
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plate tectonics» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two continents, neither, continental crust, crust), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 4 collide | mark |
| 2 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 continents | nummod |
| 3 | continents | continent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 collide | nsubj |
| 4 | collide | collide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 sinks | advcl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 sinks | punct |
| 6 | neither | neither | PRON | PronType=Neg | 7 sinks | nsubj |
| 7 | sinks | sink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 sinks | punct |
| 9 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 14 light | mark |
| 10 | continental | continental | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 crust | amod |
| 11 | crust | crust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 light | nsubj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 light | cop |
| 13 | too | too | ADV | _ | 14 light | advmod |
| 14 | light | light | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 sinks | advcl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 crumples | punct |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 19 crumples | advmod |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 crust | det |
| 18 | crust | crust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 crumples | nsubj |
| 19 | crumples | crumple | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 sinks | parataxis |
| 20 | upwards | upwards | ADV | _ | 19 crumples | advmod |
| 21 | into | into | ADP | _ | 23 mountains | case |
| 22 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 mountains | amod |
| 23 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 crumples | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 Himalayas | punct |
| 25 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 28 Himalayas | case |
| 26 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 such | fixed |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Himalayas | det |
| 28 | Himalayas | himalaya | PROPN | Number=Plur | 23 mountains | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 pushing | punct |
| 30 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 34 pushing | advmod |
| 31 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 pushing | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 pushing | aux |
| 33 | still | still | ADV | _ | 34 pushing | advmod |
| 34 | pushing | push | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 Himalayas | acl |
| 35 | into | into | ADP | _ | 36 Asia | case |
| 36 | Asia | Asia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 pushing | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 sinks | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | collide | present | two continents | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | sink | present | neither | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | is | present | continental crust | light property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | crumple | present | the crust | into huge mountains such the Himalayas result; upwards property | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent into mountain=Result | ||||
| 5 | push | present · progressive | India | Asia | still | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent into asia=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:042-plate-tectonics.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/10/