Plate tectonics, sentence 13

Alfred Wegener proposed in 1912 that continents drift, but most scientists rejected the idea until the 1960s, partly because he could not explain what moved them.

Who acts: Alfred, continents, most scientists · What happens: propose, drift, reject, not explain, move · To what, where: 1912, idea, continents · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Plate tectonics» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Alfred, continents, most scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Alfred	Alfred	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 proposed	nsubj
2	Wegener	Wegener	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Alfred	flat
3	proposed	propose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 1912	case
5	1912	1912	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 proposed	obl
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 drift	mark
7	continents	continent	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 drift	nsubj
8	drift	drift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 proposed	ccomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 rejected	punct
10	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 rejected	cc
11	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	12 scientists	amod
12	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 rejected	nsubj
13	rejected	reject	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 proposed	conj
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 idea	det
15	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 rejected	obj
16	until	until	ADP	_	18 1960s	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 1960s	det
18	1960s	1960s	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	13 rejected	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 explain	punct
20	partly	partly	ADV	_	25 explain	advmod
21	because	because	SCONJ	_	25 explain	mark
22	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 explain	nsubj
23	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 explain	aux
24	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	25 explain	advmod
25	explain	explain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 rejected	advcl
26	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	27 moved	nsubj
27	moved	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 explain	ccomp
28	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 moved	obj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 proposed	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	propose	past	Alfred		1912			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	drift	present	continents					vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	reject	past	most scientists	the idea		until the 1960s		vn reject-77.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme
4	not explain speech: assert	could	Alfred				partly property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	move	past		continents = continent				vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme they=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:042-plate-tectonics.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/13/