Moving continents: from Pangaea to today, sentence 15
Africa is pushing slowly north into Europe, squeezing the Mediterranean, which may close in tens of millions of years.
Who acts: Africa, Mediterranean · What happens: push, squeeze, close · To what, where: Mediterranean
This is a sentence of the lesson «Moving continents: from Pangaea to today» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Africa, Mediterranean), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 pushing | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 pushing | aux |
| 3 | pushing | push | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 3 pushing | advmod |
| 5 | north | north | ADV | _ | 3 pushing | advmod |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 7 Europe | case |
| 7 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 north | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 squeezing | punct |
| 9 | squeezing | squeeze | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 pushing | advcl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Mediterranean | det |
| 11 | Mediterranean | Mediterranean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 squeezing | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 close | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 close | nsubj |
| 14 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 close | aux |
| 15 | close | close | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 Mediterranean | acl:relcl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 tens | case |
| 17 | tens | ten | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 close | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 millions | case |
| 19 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 tens | nmod |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 years | case |
| 21 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 millions | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 pushing | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | push | present · progressive | Africa | north, slowly property | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | squeeze | gerund | Africa not said here | the Mediterranean | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP ADJP-Result»: agent=Agent mediterranean=Result | ||||
| 3 | close | may | the Mediterranean | in tens of millions of years | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent in ten=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:043-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today/15/