Moving continents: from Pangaea to today, sentence 9
The coasts of South America and Africa fit together like jigsaw pieces, and the fit is even better along the edges of the continental shelves under the sea, because today's beaches have been worn away and flooded by the sea.
Who acts: coasts, fit · What happens: fit together, be, wear away, flood · To what, where: beaches
This is a sentence of the lesson «Moving continents: from Pangaea to today» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (coasts, fit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 coasts | det |
| 2 | coasts | coast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 fit | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 America | case |
| 4 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 America | compound |
| 5 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 coasts | nmod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 Africa | cc |
| 7 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 America | conj |
| 8 | fit | fit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | together | together | ADV | _ | 8 fit | advmod |
| 10 | like | like | ADP | _ | 12 pieces | case |
| 11 | jigsaw | jigsaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 pieces | compound |
| 12 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 fit | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 better | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 better | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 fit | det |
| 16 | fit | fit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 better | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 better | cop |
| 18 | even | even | ADV | _ | 19 better | advmod |
| 19 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 8 fit | conj |
| 20 | along | along | ADP | _ | 22 edges | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 edges | det |
| 22 | edges | edge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 better | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 shelves | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 shelves | det |
| 25 | continental | continental | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 shelves | amod |
| 26 | shelves | shelf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 edges | nmod |
| 27 | under | under | ADP | _ | 29 sea | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 sea | det |
| 29 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 shelves | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 worn | punct |
| 31 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 37 worn | mark |
| 32 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 beaches | nmod:poss |
| 33 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 32 today | case |
| 34 | beaches | beach | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 worn | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 worn | aux |
| 36 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 37 worn | aux:pass |
| 37 | worn | wear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 better | advcl |
| 38 | away | away | ADV | _ | 37 worn | advmod |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 flooded | cc |
| 40 | flooded | flood | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 worn | conj |
| 41 | by | by | ADP | _ | 43 sea | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 sea | det |
| 43 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 flooded | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 fit | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fit together | present | the coasts of South America and Africa | like jigsaw pieces; together property | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | present | the fit | along the edges of the continental shelves under the sea; good property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | wear away | present · perfect · passive | today's beaches | away property | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source | ||||
| 4 | flood | participle | by the sea | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:043-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today/9/