Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes, sentence 8

After Tambora, its ash and gas high in the sky cooled the climate, and 1816 became the "year without a summer" in Europe and North America, with snow in June and failed harvests.

Who acts: ash, 1816 · What happens: cool, become, fail · To what, where: climate, year

This is a sentence of the lesson «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ash, 1816), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	ADP	_	2 Tambora	case
2	Tambora	Tambora	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 cooled	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Tambora	punct
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 ash	nmod:poss
5	ash	ash	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 cooled	nsubj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 high	cc
7	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ash	conj
8	high	high	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ash	conj
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 sky	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sky	det
11	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 high	obl
12	cooled	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 climate	det
14	climate	climate	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 cooled	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 became	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 became	cc
17	1816	1816	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	18 became	nsubj
18	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 cooled	conj
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 year	det
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	21 year	punct
21	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 became	xcomp
22	without	without	ADP	_	24 summer	case
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 summer	det
24	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 year	nmod
25	"	"	PUNCT	_	21 year	punct
26	in	in	ADP	_	27 Europe	case
27	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 summer	nmod
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 America	cc
29	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 America	compound
30	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 Europe	conj
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 snow	punct
32	with	with	ADP	_	33 snow	case
33	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 became	obl
34	in	in	ADP	_	35 June	case
35	June	June	PROPN	Number=Sing	33 snow	nmod
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 harvests	cc
37	failed	fail	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	38 harvests	amod
38	harvests	harvest	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 snow	conj
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 cooled	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	cool	past	history's ash and gas and high	the climate	after Tambora		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent climate=Patient
2	become	past	1816	the year without a summer in Europe and North America		with snow in June and failed harvests	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
3	fail	participle					vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:047-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/8/