Glaciers and ice ages, sentence 1

Snow piles up year after year, gets squashed into ice, and the ice becomes so heavy that it slowly flows downhill, often only a few metres a day.

Who acts: Snow, ice · What happens: pile up, get, squash, become, flow · To what, where: ice, few metres

This is a sentence of the lesson «Glaciers and ice ages» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Snow, ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 piles	nsubj
2	piles	pile	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 gets	conj
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 piles	compound:prt
4	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 piles	obl:unmarked
5	after	after	ADP	_	6 year	case
6	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 year	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 piles	punct
8	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	squashed	squash	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 gets	xcomp
10	into	into	ADP	_	11 ice	case
11	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 squashed	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 becomes	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 becomes	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 ice	det
15	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 becomes	nsubj
16	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 gets	parataxis
17	so	so	ADV	_	18 heavy	advmod
18	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 becomes	xcomp
19	that	that	SCONJ	_	22 flows	mark
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 flows	nsubj
21	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	22 flows	advmod
22	flows	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 heavy	advcl
23	downhill	downhill	ADV	_	22 flows	advmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 metres	punct
25	often	often	ADV	_	29 metres	advmod
26	only	only	ADV	_	29 metres	advmod
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 metres	det
28	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 metres	amod
29	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 flows	obl
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 day	det
31	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 metres	nmod:unmarked
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 piles	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pile up	present	Snow			year		vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme
2	get	present						vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	squash	participle			ice			vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ice=Location
4	become	present	the ice				heavy property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
5	flow	present	ice	a few metres a day			downhill, slowly property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:054-glaciers-and-ice-ages.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/54-glaciers-and-ice-ages/1/