Glaciers and ice ages, sentence 16

From about 1300 to 1850 Europe had a cooler period called the Little Ice Age, with glaciers advancing in the Alps and the Thames in London sometimes freezing hard enough for fairs on the ice.

Who acts: Europe, glaciers · What happens: have, call, advance, freeze · To what, where: cooler period, 1300, Alps · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Glaciers and ice ages» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Europe, glaciers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	From	from	ADP	_	3 1300	case
2	about	about	ADV	_	3 1300	advmod
3	1300	1300	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 had	obl
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 1850	case
5	1850	1850	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 1300	nmod
6	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 had	nsubj
7	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 period	det
9	cooler	cooler	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 period	amod
10	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 had	obj
11	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 period	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Age	det
13	Little	Little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 Ice	amod
14	Ice	Ice	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Age	compound
15	Age	age	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 called	xcomp
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 advancing	punct
17	with	with	SCONJ	_	19 advancing	mark
18	glaciers	glacier	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 advancing	nsubj
19	advancing	advance	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 called	advcl
20	in	in	ADP	_	22 Alps	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 Alps	det
22	Alps	alp	PROPN	Number=Plur	19 advancing	obl
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 Thames	cc
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 Thames	det
25	Thames	Thames	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 Alps	conj
26	in	in	ADP	_	27 London	case
27	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 Thames	nmod
28	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	29 freezing	advmod
29	freezing	freeze	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 advancing	advcl
30	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	29 freezing	advmod
31	enough	enough	ADV	_	30 hard	advmod
32	for	for	ADP	_	33 fairs	case
33	fairs	fair	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 freezing	obl
34	on	on	ADP	_	36 ice	case
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 ice	det
36	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 fairs	nmod
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 had	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	past	Europe	a cooler period	1300 to 1850		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent period=Patient
2	call	participle		a cooler period not said here			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	advance	gerund	glaciers		the Alps and the Thames in London		vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
4	freeze	gerund	glaciers not said here			for fairs on the ice; hard, sometimes property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:054-glaciers-and-ice-ages.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/54-glaciers-and-ice-ages/16/