Glaciers and ice ages, sentence 7

Today almost all mountain glaciers are shrinking fast because of human-caused warming, and hundreds of millions of people depend on rivers they feed.

Who acts: mountain glaciers, hundreds · What happens: shrink, cause, depend, feed · To what, where: rivers

This is a sentence of the lesson «Glaciers and ice ages» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mountain glaciers, hundreds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shrinking	obl:unmarked
2	almost	almost	ADV	_	3 all	advmod
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 glaciers	det
4	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 glaciers	compound
5	glaciers	glacier	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 shrinking	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 shrinking	aux
7	shrinking	shrink	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 shrinking	advmod
9	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	14 warming	case
10	of	of	ADP	_	9 because	fixed
11	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 warming	amod
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 human	punct
13	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 warming	amod
14	warming	warming	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shrinking	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 depend	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 depend	cc
17	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 depend	nsubj
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 millions	case
19	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 hundreds	nmod
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 people	case
21	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 millions	nmod
22	depend	depend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 shrinking	conj
23	on	on	ADP	_	24 rivers	case
24	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 depend	obl
25	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 feed	nsubj
26	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 rivers	acl:relcl
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 shrinking	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	shrink	present · progressive	all mountain glaciers		today	because human caused warming; fast property	vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	cause	participle					vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition
3	depend	present	hundreds of millions of people			on rivers	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on river=Theme
4	feed	present	hundreds = hundred	rivers not said here			vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:054-glaciers-and-ice-ages.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/54-glaciers-and-ice-ages/7/