Coasts and caves, sentence 5

Drip by drip the water leaves stone behind, growing stalactites that hang down from the roof and stalagmites that grow up from the floor.

Who acts: water, stalactites, stalagmites, drip · What happens: leave, grow, hang down, grow up, drip · To what, where: Drip, stalactites, roof

This is a sentence of the lesson «Coasts and caves» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water, stalactites, stalagmites, drip), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Drip	drip	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 leaves	obl:unmarked
2	by	by	ADP	_	3 drip	case
3	drip	drip	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Drip	nmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 water	det
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 leaves	nsubj
6	leaves	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 leaves	obj
8	behind	behind	ADV	_	6 leaves	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 growing	punct
10	growing	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 leaves	conj
11	stalactites	stalactite	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 growing	obj
12	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 hang	nsubj
13	hang	hang	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 stalactites	acl:relcl
14	down	down	ADP	_	13 hang	compound:prt
15	from	from	ADP	_	17 roof	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 roof	det
17	roof	roof	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 hang	obl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 stalagmites	cc
19	stalagmites	stalagmite	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 roof	conj
20	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	21 grow	nsubj
21	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 stalagmites	acl:relcl
22	up	up	ADP	_	21 grow	compound:prt
23	from	from	ADP	_	25 floor	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 floor	det
25	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 grow	obl
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Drip	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	leave	present	the water	Drip by drip		behind property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme
2	grow	gerund	the water not said here	stalactites			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location stalactite=Theme
3	hang down	present	stalactites		the roof and stalagmites		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	grow up	present	stalagmites			from the floor	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from floor=Patient
5	drip		drip				nom drip «event transitive»: by=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:055-coasts-and-caves.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/5/