Soil, sentence 4
A handful of healthy soil holds more living things than there are people on Earth, mostly bacteria and fungi, while earthworms mix it, let in air and water, and pull dead leaves down to rot.
Who acts: handful, people, earthworms · What happens: hold, be, mix, let, pull down, rot · To what, where: more living things, handful, air, dead leaves
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soil» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (handful, people, earthworms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 handful | det |
| 2 | handful | handful | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 holds | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 soil | case |
| 4 | healthy | healthy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 soil | amod |
| 5 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 handful | nmod |
| 6 | holds | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 9 things | amod |
| 8 | living | living | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 things | amod |
| 9 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 holds | obj |
| 10 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 12 are | mark |
| 11 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 12 are | expl |
| 12 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 things | advcl |
| 13 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 are | nsubj |
| 14 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 Earth | case |
| 15 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 people | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 bacteria | punct |
| 17 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 18 bacteria | advmod |
| 18 | bacteria | bacteria | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 things | appos |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 fungi | cc |
| 20 | fungi | fungi | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 bacteria | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 mix | punct |
| 22 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 24 mix | mark |
| 23 | earthworms | earthworm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 mix | nsubj |
| 24 | mix | mix | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 holds | advcl |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 mix | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 let | punct |
| 27 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 mix | conj |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 air | case |
| 29 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 let | obl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 water | cc |
| 31 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 air | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 pull | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 pull | cc |
| 34 | pull | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 mix | conj |
| 35 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 leaves | amod |
| 36 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 pull | obj |
| 37 | down | down | ADV | _ | 34 pull | advmod |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 rot | mark |
| 39 | rot | rot | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 pull | advcl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 holds | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | present | a handful of healthy soil | more living things | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme | ||||
| 2 | does | present | people on Earth | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | mix | present | earthworms | handful | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | ||||
| 4 | let | infinitive | earthworms not said here | air and water | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | pull down | present | earthworms not said here | dead leaves | down property | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme | |||
| 6 | rot | to-infinitive | earthworms not said here | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:056-soil.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/56-soil/4/