Deep time and the story of life, sentence 9

Radioactive atoms decay into other atoms at a fixed rate, so measuring both tells the age of a rock; the time it takes for half of them to change is called a half-life.

Who acts: Radioactive atoms, measuring, it · What happens: decay, fix, measure, tell, take, change · To what, where: other atoms, both, age, time · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Deep time and the story of life» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Radioactive atoms, measuring, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Radioactive	radioactive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 atoms	amod
2	atoms	atom	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 decay	nsubj
3	decay	decay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 atoms	case
5	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 atoms	amod
6	atoms	atom	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 decay	obl
7	at	at	ADP	_	10 rate	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 rate	det
9	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 rate	amod
10	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 decay	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 measuring	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	13 measuring	advmod
13	measuring	measure	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 tells	csubj
14	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	13 measuring	obj
15	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 decay	parataxis
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 age	det
17	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 tells	obj
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 rock	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 rock	det
20	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 age	nmod
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 takes	punct
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 time	det
23	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 called	nsubj:pass
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 takes	nsubj
25	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 time	acl:relcl
26	for	for	ADP	_	27 half	case
27	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	25 takes	obl
28	of	of	ADP	_	29 them	case
29	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 half	nmod
30	to	to	PART	_	31 change	mark
31	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 takes	advcl
32	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 called	aux:pass
33	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 decay	parataxis
34	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	37 life	det
35	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	37 life	compound
36	-	-	PUNCT	_	35 half	punct
37	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 called	xcomp
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 decay	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	decay	present	Radioactive atoms		other atoms	at a fixed rate	vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	fix	participle					vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	measure	gerund		both			vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme both=Value
4	tell speech: assert	present	measuring	the age of a rock			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent age=Recipient
5	take	present	it	the time not said here		for half of atoms	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent time=Theme for half=Beneficiary
6	change	to-infinitive					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	call	present · passive		the time			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:058-deep-time-and-the-story-of-life.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/58-deep-time-and-the-story-of-life/9/