Metals, mining and what they cost, sentence 2

Long ago people learned to mix copper with tin to make bronze, hard enough for tools and swords, and tin from Cornwall was traded across Europe for thousands of years.

Who acts: people · What happens: learn, mix, make, trade · To what, where: copper, bronze, tin, Europe

This is a sentence of the lesson «Metals, mining and what they cost» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 ago	advmod
2	ago	ago	ADV	_	4 learned	advmod
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 learned	nsubj
4	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 mix	mark
6	mix	mix	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 learned	xcomp
7	copper	copper	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 mix	obj
8	with	with	ADP	_	9 tin	case
9	tin	tin	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 mix	obl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 make	mark
11	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 mix	advcl
12	bronze	bronze	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 make	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 hard	punct
14	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 bronze	amod
15	enough	enough	ADV	_	14 hard	advmod
16	for	for	ADP	_	17 tools	case
17	tools	tool	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 hard	obl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 swords	cc
19	swords	sword	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 tools	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 traded	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 traded	cc
22	tin	tin	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 traded	nsubj:pass
23	from	from	ADP	_	24 Cornwall	case
24	Cornwall	Cornwall	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 tin	nmod
25	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 traded	aux:pass
26	traded	trade	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 learned	conj
27	across	across	ADP	_	28 Europe	case
28	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	26 traded	obl
29	for	for	ADP	_	30 thousands	case
30	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 traded	obl
31	of	of	ADP	_	32 years	case
32	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 thousands	nmod
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 learned	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	learn	past	people			ago property	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	mix	to-infinitive	people not said here	copper		with tin	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent copper=Patient with tin=Co-Patient
3	make	to-infinitive	people not said here	bronze			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bronze=Product
4	trade	past · passive		tin from Cornwall	Europe	for thousands of years	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: subject=Theme for thousand=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:060-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/60-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost/2/