Europe: countries and capitals, sentence 13
Switzerland has no official capital by law, and Bern is called the federal city, where the government and parliament meet; the country is made of 26 cantons (regions), and having no capital keeps them all equal.
Who acts: Switzerland, government, having · What happens: have, call, meet, make, keep · To what, where: official capital, Bern, country, capital, Capitals · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Europe: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Switzerland, government, having), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Switzerland | Switzerland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 capital | det |
| 4 | official | official | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 capital | amod |
| 5 | capital | capital | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 has | obj |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 law | case |
| 7 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 has | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 called | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 called | cc |
| 10 | Bern | Bern | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 called | nsubj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 called | aux:pass |
| 12 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 has | conj |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 city | det |
| 14 | federal | federal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 city | amod |
| 15 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 called | xcomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 meet | punct |
| 17 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 22 meet | advmod |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 government | det |
| 19 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 meet | nsubj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 parliament | cc |
| 21 | parliament | parliament | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 government | conj |
| 22 | meet | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 city | acl:relcl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 made | punct |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 country | det |
| 25 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 made | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 made | aux:pass |
| 27 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 has | conj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 cantons | case |
| 29 | 26 | 26 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 30 cantons | nummod |
| 30 | cantons | canton | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 made | obl |
| 31 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 32 regions | punct |
| 32 | regions | region | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 cantons | appos |
| 33 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 32 regions | punct |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 keeps | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 keeps | cc |
| 36 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 39 keeps | csubj |
| 37 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 38 capital | det |
| 38 | capital | capital | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 having | obj |
| 39 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 made | conj |
| 40 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 keeps | obj |
| 41 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 42 equal | det |
| 42 | equal | equal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 keeps | xcomp |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 has | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Switzerland | no official capital | by law | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capital=Patient | |||
| 2 | call | present · passive | Bern | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 3 | meet | present | the government and parliament | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | make | present · passive | the country | of 26 cantons | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 5 | have | gerund | no capital | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capital=Patient | |||||
| 6 | keep | present | having | Capitals = capital | equal property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:007-europe-countries-and-capitals.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/13/