The United States, sentence 15

Since a presidential order in 2025, English has been the official language of the United States, after more than 200 years with none, because English was used everywhere anyway while many other languages were spoken too, though no law of Congress makes it so, and many states set their own rules.

Who acts: English, law, many states, States · What happens: be, use, speak, make, set, rule · To what, where: official language, English, many other languages, language, own rules · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The United States» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, law, many states, States), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Since	since	ADP	_	4 order	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 order	det
3	presidential	presidential	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 order	amod
4	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 language	obl
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 2025	case
6	2025	2025	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 order	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 order	punct
8	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 language	nsubj
9	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 language	aux
10	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 language	cop
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 language	det
12	official	official	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 language	amod
13	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
14	of	of	ADP	_	17 States	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 States	det
16	United	United	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 States	compound
17	States	State	PROPN	Number=Plur	13 language	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 years	punct
19	after	after	ADP	_	23 years	case
20	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	22 200	advmod
21	than	than	ADP	_	20 more	fixed
22	200	200	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	23 years	nummod
23	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 States	nmod
24	with	with	ADP	_	25 none	case
25	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	23 years	nmod
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 used	punct
27	because	because	SCONJ	_	30 used	mark
28	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 used	nsubj
29	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	30 used	aux:pass
30	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 language	advcl
31	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	PronType=Tot	30 used	advmod
32	anyway	anyway	ADV	_	30 used	advmod
33	while	while	SCONJ	_	38 spoken	mark
34	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 languages	amod
35	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 languages	amod
36	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 spoken	nsubj:pass
37	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	38 spoken	aux:pass
38	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	30 used	advcl
39	too	too	ADV	_	38 spoken	advmod
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 makes	punct
41	though	though	SCONJ	_	46 makes	mark
42	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	43 law	det
43	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 makes	nsubj
44	of	of	ADP	_	45 Congress	case
45	Congress	Congress	PROPN	Number=Sing	43 law	nmod
46	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 spoken	conj
47	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	46 makes	obj
48	so	so	ADV	_	46 makes	xcomp
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	53 set	punct
50	and	and	CCONJ	_	53 set	cc
51	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	52 states	amod
52	states	state	NOUN	Number=Plur	53 set	nsubj
53	set	set	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	46 makes	conj
54	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	56 rules	nmod:poss
55	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	56 rules	amod
56	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	53 set	obj
57	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 language	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present · perfect	English	the official language	since a presidential order in 2025	of the United States after 200 years with none	tree rules
2	use	past · passive		English		anyway, everywhere property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3	speak speech: other	past · passive		many other languages			tree rules
4	make	present	no law of Congress	language			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product
5	set	present	many states	States's own rules			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient rule=Result
6	rule		States = state				nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:009-the-united-states.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/9-the-united-states/15/