The first people: hunters, gatherers and cave painters, sentence 11
The earliest tools were stones chipped to a sharp edge; later people also made fine blades, spear points, bone needles and fish hooks, which is why this long time is called the Stone Age.
Who acts: earliest tools, people · What happens: be, chip, make, call · To what, where: stones, fine blades, long time · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The first people: hunters, gatherers and cave painters» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earliest tools, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 tools | det |
| 2 | earliest | early | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 tools | amod |
| 3 | tools | tool | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 stones | nsubj |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 stones | cop |
| 5 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | chipped | chip | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 stones | acl |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 edge | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 edge | det |
| 9 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 edge | amod |
| 10 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 chipped | obl |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 people | punct |
| 12 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 15 made | advmod |
| 13 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 made | nsubj |
| 14 | also | also | ADV | _ | 15 made | advmod |
| 15 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 stones | parataxis |
| 16 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 blades | amod |
| 17 | blades | blade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 made | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 points | punct |
| 19 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 points | compound |
| 20 | points | point | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 blades | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 needles | punct |
| 22 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 needles | compound |
| 23 | needles | needle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 blades | conj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 hooks | cc |
| 25 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 hooks | compound |
| 26 | hooks | hook | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 blades | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 why | punct |
| 28 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 why | nsubj |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 why | cop |
| 30 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 35 called | advmod |
| 31 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 33 time | det |
| 32 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 time | amod |
| 33 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 called | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 called | aux:pass |
| 35 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 made | acl:relcl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 Age | det |
| 37 | Stone | Stone | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Age | compound |
| 38 | Age | age | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 called | xcomp |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 stones | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | the earliest tools | stones | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | chip | participle | stones not said here | to a sharp edge result | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient to edge=Result | ||||
| 3 | make | past | people | fine blades and spear points and bone needles and fish hooks | late property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blade=Product | |||
| 4 | is | present | why property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | call | present · passive | this long time | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:001-the-first-people.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/1-the-first-people/11/