The first people: hunters, gatherers and cave painters, sentence 12

People learned to keep and use fire hundreds of thousands of years ago, which gave warmth, light, protection from animals and cooked food.

Who acts: People, thousands · What happens: learn, keep, use, give, cook · To what, where: fire, warmth

This is a sentence of the lesson «The first people: hunters, gatherers and cave painters» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, thousands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 learned	nsubj
2	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 keep	mark
4	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 learned	xcomp
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 use	cc
6	use	use	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 keep	conj
7	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 use	obj
8	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 use	obl:unmarked
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 thousands	case
10	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 hundreds	nmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 years	case
12	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 thousands	nmod
13	ago	ago	ADV	_	10 thousands	advmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 gave	punct
15	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 gave	nsubj
16	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 thousands	acl:relcl
17	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 gave	obj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 light	punct
19	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 warmth	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 protection	punct
21	protection	protection	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 warmth	conj
22	from	from	ADP	_	23 animals	case
23	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 protection	nmod
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 food	cc
25	cooked	cook	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	26 food	amod
26	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 animals	conj
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 learned	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	learn	past	People			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	keep	to-infinitive	People not said here			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	use	infinitive	People not said here	fire	hundreds of thousands of years obl:unmarked	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Patient
4	give	past	thousands of years	warmth and light and protection from animals and cooked food		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warmth=Theme
5	cook	participle				vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:001-the-first-people.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/1-the-first-people/12/