Ancient China: paper, silk, the Silk Road and Confucius, sentence 16
Bi Sheng later made movable type of clay, so Gutenberg did not invent printing but a fast way of printing with metal letters in Europe.
Who acts: Bi, Gutenberg, fast way · What happens: make, not invent, print, type · To what, where: movable type, printing, clay
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient China: paper, silk, the Silk Road and Confucius» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bi, Gutenberg, fast way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bi | Bi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 made | nsubj |
| 2 | Sheng | Sheng | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Bi | flat |
| 3 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 4 made | advmod |
| 4 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | movable | movable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 type | amod |
| 6 | type | type | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 clay | case |
| 8 | clay | clay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 type | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 invent | punct |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 invent | advmod |
| 11 | Gutenberg | Gutenberg | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 invent | nsubj |
| 12 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 invent | aux |
| 13 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 invent | advmod |
| 14 | invent | invent | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 made | conj |
| 15 | printing | printing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 invent | obj |
| 16 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 19 way | cc |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 way | det |
| 18 | fast | fast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 way | amod |
| 19 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 printing | conj |
| 20 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 21 printing | mark |
| 21 | printing | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 way | acl | |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 letters | case |
| 23 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 letters | compound |
| 24 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 printing | obl |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 Europe | case |
| 26 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 letters | nmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | Bi | movable type of clay | late property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent type=Product | |||
| 2 | not invent | past · do-support | Gutenberg | printing but a fast way | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent printing=Result | ||||
| 3 | gerund | a fast way not said here | with metal letters in Europe | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | type | clay | nom type «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:010-ancient-china-paper-silk-the-silk-road-and-confucius.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/10-ancient-china-paper-silk-the-silk-road-and-confucius/16/