Ancient China: paper, silk, the Silk Road and Confucius, sentence 17
About 600 years ago the admiral Zheng He sailed huge Chinese ships to India, Arabia and East Africa, and brought back gifts including a giraffe.
Who acts: Zheng · What happens: sail, bring back · To what, where: huge Chinese ships, India, gifts
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient China: paper, silk, the Silk Road and Confucius» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zheng), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | About | about | ADV | _ | 2 600 | advmod |
| 2 | 600 | 600 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 years | nummod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 9 sailed | advmod |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 admiral | det |
| 6 | admiral | admiral | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 Zheng | nmod:desc |
| 7 | Zheng | Zheng | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 sailed | nsubj |
| 8 | He | he | PROPN | _ | 7 Zheng | flat |
| 9 | sailed | sail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 ships | amod |
| 11 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 ships | amod |
| 12 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 sailed | obj |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 India | case |
| 14 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 sailed | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 Arabia | punct |
| 16 | Arabia | Arabia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 India | conj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 East | cc |
| 18 | East | East | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 India | conj |
| 19 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 East | flat |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 brought | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 brought | cc |
| 22 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 sailed | conj |
| 23 | back | back | ADV | _ | 22 brought | advmod |
| 24 | gifts | gift | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 brought | obj |
| 25 | including | include | ADP | _ | 27 giraffe | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 giraffe | det |
| 27 | giraffe | giraffe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 gifts | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 sailed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sail | past | Zheng the admiral | huge Chinese ships | India and Arabia and East | ago property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent ship=Location | ||
| 2 | bring back | past | Zheng the admiral not said here | gifts | include a giraffe | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent gift=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:010-ancient-china-paper-silk-the-silk-road-and-confucius.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/10-ancient-china-paper-silk-the-silk-road-and-confucius/17/