Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads, sentence 9

The Roman army was made of legions of about 5,000 well-trained professional soldiers with armour, shields and short swords; they won more by discipline, training and teamwork than by having more men.

Who acts: army, training · What happens: make, train, win, have · To what, where: Roman army, more, more men

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (army, training), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 army	det
2	Roman	Roman	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 army	compound
3	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 made	aux:pass
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 legions	case
7	legions	legion	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 made	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	15 soldiers	case
9	about	about	ADV	_	10 5,000	advmod
10	5,000	5000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 soldiers	nummod
11	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	13 trained	advmod
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 well	punct
13	trained	train	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 soldiers	amod
14	professional	professional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 soldiers	amod
15	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 legions	nmod
16	with	with	ADP	_	17 armour	case
17	armour	armour	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 soldiers	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 shields	punct
19	shields	shield	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 armour	conj
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 swords	cc
21	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 swords	amod
22	swords	sword	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 soldiers	conj
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 won	punct
24	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 won	nsubj
25	won	win	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 made	parataxis
26	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	25 won	obj
27	by	by	ADP	_	28 discipline	case
28	discipline	discipline	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 won	obl
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 training	punct
30	training	training	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 discipline	conj
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 teamwork	cc
32	teamwork	teamwork	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 discipline	conj
33	than	than	SCONJ	_	35 having	mark
34	by	by	SCONJ	_	35 having	mark
35	having	have	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	30 training	acl
36	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	37 men	amod
37	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 having	obj
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 made	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	make	past · passive		the Roman army	of legions of 5,000 trained professional soldiers with armour and shields and short swords	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	train	participle			well property	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	win	past	army	more	by discipline and training and teamwork	vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Eventuality
4	have	gerund	training not said here	more men		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:014-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads/9/