Rome: daily life, gladiators, Latin and Christianity, sentence 21
Jesus lived in the Roman province of Judea and was crucified by the Romans, and his followers spread his teaching through the empire; Christians were sometimes persecuted, but the faith kept growing.
Who acts: Jesus, Romans, followers, faith · What happens: live, crucify, spread, persecute, keep, grow · To what, where: Roman province, teaching, empire, Christians
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rome: daily life, gladiators, Latin and Christianity» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jesus, Romans, followers, faith), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jesus | Jesus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 lived | nsubj |
| 2 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 province | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 province | det |
| 5 | Roman | roman | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 province | amod |
| 6 | province | province | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lived | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 Judea | case |
| 8 | Judea | Judea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 province | nmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 crucified | cc |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 crucified | aux:pass |
| 11 | crucified | crucify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 lived | conj |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 Romans | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Romans | det |
| 14 | Romans | Roman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 11 crucified | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 spread | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 spread | cc |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 followers | nmod:poss |
| 18 | followers | follower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 spread | nsubj |
| 19 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 lived | conj |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 teaching | nmod:poss |
| 21 | teaching | teaching | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 spread | obj |
| 22 | through | through | ADP | _ | 24 empire | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 empire | det |
| 24 | empire | empire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 spread | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 2 lived | punct |
| 26 | Christians | Christian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 29 persecuted | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 persecuted | aux:pass |
| 28 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 29 persecuted | advmod |
| 29 | persecuted | persecute | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 lived | parataxis |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 persecuted | punct |
| 31 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 kept | cc |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 faith | det |
| 33 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 kept | nsubj |
| 34 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 persecuted | conj |
| 35 | growing | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 kept | xcomp |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | Jesus | the Roman province of Judea | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in province=Location | ||||
| 2 | crucify | past · passive | the Romans | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | spread | past | Jesus's followers | Jesus's teaching | the empire | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent teaching=Theme through empire=Destination | |||
| 4 | persecute | past · passive | Christians | sometimes property | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 5 | keep | past | the faith | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | grow | gerund | the faith not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | teach | Jesus | nom teaching «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:015-rome-daily-life-gladiators-latin-and-christianity.lesson:21.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/15-rome-daily-life-gladiators-latin-and-christianity/21/