Native peoples of North America, sentence 12
On the Great Plains nations such as the Lakota followed huge herds of bison, using almost every part for food, clothing, tools and tipi covers, and after the Spanish brought horses they became expert riders.
Who acts: Plains nations, Spanish, nations · What happens: follow, use, bring, become · To what, where: huge herds, part, horses, expert riders
This is a sentence of the lesson «Native peoples of North America» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Plains nations, Spanish, nations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 4 Plains | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Plains | det |
| 3 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 Plains | amod |
| 4 | Plains | Plains | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 nations | compound |
| 5 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 followed | nsubj |
| 6 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 9 Lakota | case |
| 7 | as | as | ADP | _ | 6 such | fixed |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Lakota | det |
| 9 | Lakota | Lakota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 nations | nmod |
| 10 | followed | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 herds | amod |
| 12 | herds | herd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 followed | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 bison | case |
| 14 | bison | bison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 herds | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 using | punct |
| 16 | using | use | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 followed | advcl |
| 17 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 19 part | advmod |
| 18 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 part | det |
| 19 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 using | obj |
| 20 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 food | case |
| 21 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 part | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 clothing | punct |
| 23 | clothing | clothing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 food | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 tools | punct |
| 25 | tools | tool | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 food | conj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 covers | cc |
| 27 | tipi | tipi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 covers | compound |
| 28 | covers | cover | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 food | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 became | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 became | cc |
| 31 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 34 brought | mark |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Spanish | det |
| 33 | Spanish | Spanish | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 brought | nsubj |
| 34 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 became | advcl |
| 35 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 brought | obj |
| 36 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 became | nsubj |
| 37 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 followed | conj |
| 38 | expert | expert | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 riders | amod |
| 39 | riders | rider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 became | xcomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 followed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=narrate
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | past | Plains nations such the Lakota | huge herds of bison | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herd=Theme | ||||
| 2 | use | gerund | Plains nations such the Lakota not said here | every part | for food and clothing and tools and tipi covers | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent part=Theme for food=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | bring | past | the Spanish | horses | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument horse=Destination | ||||
| 4 | become | past | nations = nation | expert riders | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:017-native-peoples-of-north-america.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/12/