Native peoples of North America, sentence 13
Many eastern nations farmed corn, beans and squash together, called the Three Sisters, because the plants help each other grow; corn, first grown in the Americas, now feeds people all over the world.
Who acts: Many eastern nations, plants, other, corn · What happens: farm, call, help, grow, feed · To what, where: corn, each, Americas, people, world · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Native peoples of North America» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many eastern nations, plants, other, corn), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 nations | amod |
| 2 | eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 nations | amod |
| 3 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 farmed | nsubj |
| 4 | farmed | farm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | corn | corn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 farmed | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 beans | punct |
| 7 | beans | bean | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 corn | conj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 squash | cc |
| 9 | squash | squash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 corn | conj |
| 10 | together | together | ADV | _ | 4 farmed | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 nations | punct |
| 12 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 farmed | advcl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Sisters | det |
| 14 | Three | Three | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Sisters | compound |
| 15 | Sisters | sister | PROPN | Number=Plur | 12 called | xcomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 help | punct |
| 17 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 20 help | mark |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 plants | det |
| 19 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 help | nsubj |
| 20 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 farmed | advcl |
| 21 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 help | obj |
| 22 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 grow | nsubj |
| 23 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 help | xcomp |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 feeds | punct |
| 25 | corn | corn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 feeds | nsubj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 grown | punct |
| 27 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 28 grown | advmod |
| 28 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 25 corn | acl |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 Americas | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Americas | det |
| 31 | Americas | Americas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 28 grown | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 feeds | punct |
| 33 | now | now | ADV | _ | 34 feeds | advmod |
| 34 | feeds | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 farmed | conj |
| 35 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 feeds | obj |
| 36 | all | all | ADV | _ | 39 world | advmod |
| 37 | over | over | ADP | _ | 39 world | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 world | det |
| 39 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 feeds | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 farmed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | farm | past | Many eastern nations | corn and beans and squash | together property | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent corn=Patient | |||
| 2 | call | participle | Many eastern nations not said here | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | help | present | the plants | each | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent each=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 4 | grow | present | other | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | grow | participle | corn not said here | the Americas | first property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in americas=Location | |||
| 6 | feed | present | corn | people | the world | now | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:017-native-peoples-of-north-america.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/13/