Native peoples of North America, sentence 19
As settlers spread west, many Native nations were pushed off their lands by wars and broken treaties; on the Trail of Tears in the 1830s the Cherokee were forced to walk far west, and thousands died.
Who acts: settlers, wars, Cherokee, thousands · What happens: spread, push off, break, force, walk, die · To what, where: many Native nations, Cherokee, Trail
This is a sentence of the lesson «Native peoples of North America» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (settlers, wars, Cherokee, thousands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 spread | mark |
| 2 | settlers | settler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 spread | nsubj |
| 3 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 pushed | advcl |
| 4 | west | west | ADV | _ | 3 spread | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 settlers | punct |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 nations | amod |
| 7 | Native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 nations | amod |
| 8 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 pushed | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 pushed | aux:pass |
| 10 | pushed | push | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | off | off | ADP | _ | 13 lands | case |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 lands | nmod:poss |
| 13 | lands | land | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 pushed | obl |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 wars | case |
| 15 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 pushed | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 treaties | cc |
| 17 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 treaties | amod |
| 18 | treaties | treaty | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 wars | conj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 forced | punct |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 Trail | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Trail | det |
| 22 | Trail | trail | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 forced | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 Tears | case |
| 24 | Tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 Trail | nmod |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 1830s | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 1830s | det |
| 27 | 1830s | 1830 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 22 Trail | nmod |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Cherokee | det |
| 29 | Cherokee | Cherokee | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 forced | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 forced | aux:pass |
| 31 | forced | force | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 pushed | parataxis |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 walk | mark |
| 33 | walk | walk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 forced | xcomp |
| 34 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 35 west | advmod |
| 35 | west | west | ADV | _ | 33 walk | advmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 died | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 died | cc |
| 38 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 died | nsubj |
| 39 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 forced | conj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 pushed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spread | past | settlers | west property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | push off | past · passive | wars and broken treaties | many Native nations | off nations's lands | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme land=Destination | |||
| 3 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | force | past · passive | the Cherokee | the Trail of Tears in the 1830s | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | walk | to-infinitive | the Cherokee not said here | west property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | die | past | thousands | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:017-native-peoples-of-north-america.lesson:19.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/19/