The Aztecs and the Inca, sentence 11

The Aztecs believed the sun needed offerings to keep moving and made human sacrifices, often of war captives, and neighbouring peoples feared and hated them for this and for their heavy tribute, the goods conquered peoples had to hand over every year.

Who acts: Aztecs, sun, neighbouring peoples, conquered peoples, goods · What happens: believe, need, keep, move, make, fear · To what, where: offerings, human sacrifices, Aztecs, goods, war captives · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Aztecs and the Inca» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aztecs, sun, neighbouring peoples, conquered peoples), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Aztecs	det
2	Aztecs	Aztec	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 believed	nsubj
3	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sun	det
5	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 needed	nsubj
6	needed	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 believed	ccomp
7	offerings	offering	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 needed	obj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 keep	mark
9	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 needed	advcl
10	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 keep	xcomp
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 made	cc
12	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 believed	conj
13	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 sacrifices	amod
14	sacrifices	sacrifice	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 made	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 captives	punct
16	often	often	ADV	_	19 captives	advmod
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 captives	case
18	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 captives	compound
19	captives	captive	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 sacrifices	nmod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 feared	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 feared	cc
22	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 peoples	amod
23	peoples	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 feared	nsubj
24	feared	fear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 believed	conj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 hated	cc
26	hated	hate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 feared	conj
27	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 hated	obj
28	for	for	ADP	_	29 this	case
29	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	26 hated	obl
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 tribute	cc
31	for	for	ADP	_	34 tribute	case
32	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	34 tribute	nmod:poss
33	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 tribute	amod
34	tribute	tribute	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 this	conj
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 tribute	punct
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 goods	det
37	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	34 tribute	appos
38	conquered	conquer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	39 peoples	amod
39	peoples	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 had	nsubj
40	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	37 goods	acl:relcl
41	to	to	PART	_	42 hand	mark
42	hand	hand	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	40 had	xcomp
43	over	over	ADP	_	42 hand	compound:prt
44	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	45 year	det
45	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 hand	obl:unmarked
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 believed	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	believe	past	the Aztecs				vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	need	past	the sun	offerings			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot offering=Theme
3	keep	to-infinitive	the sun not said here				tree rules
4	move	gerund	the sun not said here				vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
5	make	past	the Aztecs not said here	human sacrifices of war captives			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sacrifice=Product
6	fear	past	neighbouring peoples				vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
7	hate	past	neighbouring peoples not said here	Aztecs = aztec		for this	vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus for this=Attribute
8	conquer	participle					vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
9	have	past	conquered peoples	the goods not said here			tree rules
10	hand over	to-infinitive	the goods not said here		year		vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
11	sacrifice			war captives			nom sacrifice «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:019-the-aztecs-and-the-inca.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/19-the-aztecs-and-the-inca/11/