The Aztecs and the Inca, sentence 5
They had no writing as we know it, but kept records with knotted strings called quipu.
Who acts: neighbours, we, knotted strings · What happens: have, know, keep, knot, call · To what, where: writing, records, quipu · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Aztecs and the Inca» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (neighbours, we, knotted strings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 writing | det |
| 4 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 had | obj |
| 5 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 7 know | mark |
| 6 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 know | nsubj |
| 7 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 had | advcl |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 know | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 kept | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 kept | cc |
| 11 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 had | conj |
| 12 | records | record | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 kept | obj |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 strings | case |
| 14 | knotted | knot | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 strings | amod |
| 15 | strings | string | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 records | nmod |
| 16 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 strings | acl |
| 17 | quipu | quipu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 called | xcomp |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | neighbours = neighbour | no writing | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Patient | ||||
| 2 | know | present | we | writing | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | keep | past | neighbours = neighbour not said here | records | with knotted strings | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent record=Theme | |||
| 4 | knot | participle | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 5 | call | participle | knotted strings not said here | quipu | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:019-the-aztecs-and-the-inca.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/19-the-aztecs-and-the-inca/5/