The first farms and towns, sentence 15
Stonehenge in England is a great circle of huge stones raised about 4,500 years ago by farming people using ropes, sledges and wooden rollers.
Who acts: Stonehenge, people · What happens: be, raise, farm, use · To what, where: great circle, huge stones, people, ropes
This is a sentence of the lesson «The first farms and towns» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stonehenge, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stonehenge | Stonehenge | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 circle | nsubj |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 England | case |
| 3 | England | England | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Stonehenge | nmod |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 circle | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 circle | det |
| 6 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 circle | amod |
| 7 | circle | circle | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 stones | case |
| 9 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 stones | amod |
| 10 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 circle | nmod |
| 11 | raised | raise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 stones | acl |
| 12 | about | about | ADV | _ | 13 4,500 | advmod |
| 13 | 4,500 | 4,500 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 years | nummod |
| 14 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 15 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 11 raised | advmod |
| 16 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 17 farming | mark |
| 17 | farming | farm | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 raised | advcl |
| 18 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 farming | obj |
| 19 | using | use | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 people | acl |
| 20 | ropes | rope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 using | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 sledges | punct |
| 22 | sledges | sledge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 ropes | conj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 rollers | cc |
| 24 | wooden | wooden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 rollers | amod |
| 25 | rollers | roller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 ropes | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 circle | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Stonehenge in England | a great circle | of huge stones | tree rules | |||
| 2 | raise | participle | huge stones not said here | ago property | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | farm | gerund | people | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient | |||||
| 4 | use | gerund | people not said here | ropes and sledges and wooden rollers | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rope=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:002-the-first-farms-and-towns.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/2-the-first-farms-and-towns/15/