The first farms and towns, sentence 7

Later people learned to melt copper out of rocks and to mix it with tin to make bronze, so historians name these times after the best tool material: the Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages.

Who acts: people, historians · What happens: learn, melt, mix, make, name · To what, where: copper, rocks, bronze

This is a sentence of the lesson «The first farms and towns» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, historians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 learned	advmod
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 learned	nsubj
3	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 melt	mark
5	melt	melt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 learned	xcomp
6	copper	copper	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 melt	obj
7	out	out	ADP	_	9 rocks	case
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 rocks	case
9	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 melt	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 mix	cc
11	to	to	PART	_	12 mix	mark
12	mix	mix	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 melt	conj
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 mix	obj
14	with	with	ADP	_	15 tin	case
15	tin	tin	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 mix	obl
16	to	to	PART	_	17 make	mark
17	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 mix	advcl
18	bronze	bronze	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 make	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 name	punct
20	so	so	ADV	_	22 name	advmod
21	historians	historian	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 name	nsubj
22	name	name	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 learned	parataxis
23	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	24 times	det
24	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 name	obj
25	after	after	ADP	_	29 material	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 material	det
27	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	29 material	amod
28	tool	tool	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 material	compound
29	material	material	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 name	obl
30	:	:	PUNCT	_	32 Stone	punct
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 Stone	det
32	Stone	Stone	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 material	appos
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 Bronze	punct
34	Bronze	Bronze	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 Stone	conj
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 Ages	cc
36	Iron	Iron	PROPN	Number=Sing	37 Ages	compound
37	Ages	Age	PROPN	Number=Plur	32 Stone	conj
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 learned	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	past	people				late property	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	melt	to-infinitive	people not said here	copper	rocks			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient copper=Result
3	mix	to-infinitive	people not said here	copper			with tin	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient with tin=Co-Patient
4	make	to-infinitive	people not said here	bronze				vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bronze=Product
5	name	present	historians			after the best tool material; time		vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:002-the-first-farms-and-towns.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/2-the-first-farms-and-towns/7/