The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, sentence 16
Around the year 1000 Leif Erikson sailed to North America, which the Norse called Vinland, and a Viking site has been found in Newfoundland, Canada, but the Norse did not stay there for long.
Who acts: Leif, Norse · What happens: sail, call, find, not stay · To what, where: North America, Viking site, Newfoundland · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leif, Norse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Around | around | ADP | _ | 3 year | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 year | det |
| 3 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 sailed | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | 1000 | 1000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 year | flat |
| 5 | Leif | Leif | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 sailed | nsubj |
| 6 | Erikson | Erikson | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Leif | flat |
| 7 | sailed | sail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 America | case |
| 9 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 America | compound |
| 10 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 sailed | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Norse | punct |
| 12 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 called | obj |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Norse | det |
| 14 | Norse | norse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 called | nsubj |
| 15 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 America | acl:relcl |
| 16 | Vinland | Vinland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 called | xcomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 found | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 found | cc |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 site | det |
| 20 | Viking | viking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 site | compound |
| 21 | site | site | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 found | nsubj |
| 22 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 found | aux |
| 23 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 24 found | aux:pass |
| 24 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 sailed | conj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 Newfoundland | case |
| 26 | Newfoundland | Newfoundland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 found | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 Canada | punct |
| 28 | Canada | Canada | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Newfoundland | appos |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 stay | punct |
| 30 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 35 stay | cc |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 Norse | det |
| 32 | Norse | norse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 stay | nsubj |
| 33 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 stay | aux |
| 34 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 35 stay | advmod |
| 35 | stay | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 sailed | conj |
| 36 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 35 stay | advmod |
| 37 | for | for | ADP | _ | 38 long | case |
| 38 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 35 stay | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 sailed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sail | past | Leif | North America | year | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent to america=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | call | past | the Norse | North America | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent which=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | find | present · perfect · passive | a Viking site | Newfoundland | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 4 | not stay | past · do-support | the Norse | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/16/