The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, sentence 17
Norse traders from Sweden travelled down the rivers of eastern Europe, traded with Constantinople and Baghdad, and took part in founding the state of Kyivan Rus; historians still argue about how big their part was.
Who acts: Norse traders, historians, part · What happens: travel, trade, take, found, argue, be · To what, where: rivers, part, state
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Norse traders, historians, part), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Norse | norse | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 traders | amod |
| 2 | traders | trader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 travelled | nsubj |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 4 Sweden | case |
| 4 | Sweden | Sweden | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 traders | nmod |
| 5 | travelled | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | down | down | ADP | _ | 8 rivers | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 rivers | det |
| 8 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 travelled | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Europe | case |
| 10 | eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 Europe | amod |
| 11 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 rivers | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 traded | punct |
| 13 | traded | trade | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 travelled | parataxis |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 Constantinople | case |
| 15 | Constantinople | Constantinople | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 traded | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 Baghdad | cc |
| 17 | Baghdad | Baghdad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Constantinople | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 took | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 took | cc |
| 20 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 traded | conj |
| 21 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 took | obj |
| 22 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 23 founding | mark |
| 23 | founding | found | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 took | advcl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 state | det |
| 25 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 founding | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 Kyivan | case |
| 27 | Kyivan | Kyivan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 state | nmod |
| 28 | Rus | Rus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Kyivan | flat |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 argue | punct |
| 30 | historians | historian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 argue | nsubj |
| 31 | still | still | ADV | _ | 32 argue | advmod |
| 32 | argue | argue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 travelled | parataxis |
| 33 | about | about | ADP | _ | 35 big | case |
| 34 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 35 big | advmod |
| 35 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 argue | obl |
| 36 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 part | nmod:poss |
| 37 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 big | nsubj |
| 38 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 big | cop |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 travelled | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | travel | past | Norse traders from Sweden | the rivers of eastern Europe | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme down river=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | trade | past | with Constantinople and Baghdad | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with constantinople=Co-Agent | |||||
| 3 | take | past | part | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme | |||||
| 4 | found | gerund | the state of Kyivan | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent state=Patient | |||||
| 5 | argue speech: disagree | present | historians | still | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | is | past | historians's part | big property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/17/