Castles, knights and cathedrals, sentence 2

Their best fighters were knights, rich horsemen trained from boyhood, who wore heavy armour and painted coats of arms on their shields so friends could tell who was who in battle.

Who acts: best fighters, rich horsemen, friends · What happens: be, train, wear, paint, tell · To what, where: knights, rich horsemen, boyhood, heavy armour, coats, shields · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Castles, knights and cathedrals» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (best fighters, rich horsemen, friends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 fighters	nmod:poss
2	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 fighters	amod
3	fighters	fighter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 knights	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 knights	cop
5	knights	knight	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 tell	parataxis
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 horsemen	punct
7	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 horsemen	amod
8	horsemen	horseman	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 knights	appos
9	trained	train	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 horsemen	acl
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 boyhood	case
11	boyhood	boyhood	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 trained	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 wore	punct
13	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 wore	nsubj
14	wore	wear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 horsemen	acl:relcl
15	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 armour	amod
16	armour	armour	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 wore	obj
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 painted	cc
18	painted	paint	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 wore	conj
19	coats	coat	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 painted	obj
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 arms	case
21	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 coats	nmod
22	on	on	ADP	_	24 shields	case
23	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 shields	nmod:poss
24	shields	shield	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 painted	obl
25	so	so	ADV	_	28 tell	advmod
26	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 tell	nsubj
27	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	28 tell	aux
28	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
29	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	31 who	nsubj
30	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	31 who	cop
31	who	who	PRON	PronType=Int	28 tell	ccomp
32	in	in	ADP	_	33 battle	case
33	battle	battle	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 who	nmod
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 knights	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: pos
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	is a	past	lords's best fighters	knights		tree rules
2	train	participle		rich horsemen not said here	boyhood	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	wear	past	rich horsemen	heavy armour		vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent armour=Source
4	paint	past	rich horsemen not said here	coats of arms	lords's shields	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent coat=Theme on shield=Destination
5	tell speech: assert	could	friends			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	is a	past			battle	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:021-castles-knights-and-cathedrals.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/21-castles-knights-and-cathedrals/2/