Castles, knights and cathedrals, sentence 3
Picture a castle in a cartoon under siege: in real life the attackers more often just waited for weeks until the defenders ran out of food, and from the 1400s cannons began to smash even the thickest walls.
Who acts: you, attackers, defenders, 1400s · What happens: picture, wait, run, begin, smash · To what, where: castle, cartoon, real life, food, thickest walls
This is a sentence of the lesson «Castles, knights and cathedrals» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, attackers, defenders, 1400s), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Picture | picture | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 castle | det |
| 3 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Picture | obj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 cartoon | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 cartoon | det |
| 6 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Picture | obl |
| 7 | under | under | ADP | _ | 8 siege | case |
| 8 | siege | siege | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 cartoon | nmod |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 ran | punct |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 life | case |
| 11 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 life | amod |
| 12 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 waited | obl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 attackers | det |
| 14 | attackers | attacker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 waited | nsubj |
| 15 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 16 often | advmod |
| 16 | often | often | ADV | _ | 18 waited | advmod |
| 17 | just | just | ADV | _ | 18 waited | advmod |
| 18 | waited | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Picture | parataxis |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 weeks | case |
| 20 | weeks | week | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 waited | obl |
| 21 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 24 ran | mark |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 defenders | det |
| 23 | defenders | defender | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 ran | nsubj |
| 24 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 waited | advcl |
| 25 | out | out | ADP | _ | 27 food | case |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 food | case |
| 27 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 ran | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 began | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 began | cc |
| 30 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 1400s | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 1400s | det |
| 32 | 1400s | 1400 | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 began | nsubj |
| 33 | cannons | cannon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 began | nsubj |
| 34 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 waited | conj |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 smash | mark |
| 36 | smash | smash | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 began | xcomp |
| 37 | even | even | ADV | _ | 40 walls | advmod |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 walls | det |
| 39 | thickest | thick | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 40 walls | amod |
| 40 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 smash | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Picture | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | picture | imperative | you not said here | a castle | a cartoon under siege | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent castle=Theme | |||
| 2 | wait | past | the attackers | real life | week | often property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in life=Location | ||
| 3 | run | past | the defenders | food | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out food=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | begin | past | the 1400s | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | smash | to-infinitive | the 1400s not said here | the thickest walls | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:021-castles-knights-and-cathedrals.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/21-castles-knights-and-cathedrals/3/