The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval world, sentence 10
The numbers 0 to 9 that we call Arabic numerals were first developed in India and reached Europe through Arabic books.
Who acts: we · What happens: call, develop, reach · To what, where: numbers, India, Europe, Arabic books · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval world» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 numbers | det |
| 2 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 developed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 numbers | flat |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 9 | case |
| 5 | 9 | 9 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 0 | nmod |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 call | obj |
| 7 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 call | nsubj |
| 8 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 numbers | acl:relcl |
| 9 | Arabic | Arabic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 numerals | compound |
| 10 | numerals | numeral | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 call | obj |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 developed | aux:pass |
| 12 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 13 developed | advmod |
| 13 | developed | develop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 India | case |
| 15 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 developed | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 reached | cc |
| 17 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 developed | conj |
| 18 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 reached | obj |
| 19 | through | through | ADP | _ | 21 books | case |
| 20 | Arabic | Arabic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 books | compound |
| 21 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 reached | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 developed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | present | we | the numbers | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme numeral=Result | ||||
| 2 | develop | past · passive | the numbers | India | first property | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product | |||
| 3 | reach | past | Europe | Arabic books | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent europe=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:022-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/22-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world/10/